Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs/2264
Forged Judgments. Concept – Effects – Refutation
Ivan Tironi
; Županijski sud u Splitu
Abstract
The paper discusses forged - falsified judgments (presented as having been rendered in civil
litigation) which, although relatively rare, are nevertheless worthy of legal consideration. This is
primarily because they can endanger the rights and interests of the persons to whom they relate.
Such “judgments” would be the result of conscious deception of the parties by their creators and
they should be a limine (from the beginning) denied the status of a judicial act. It is undeniable that
forged judgments, which Croatian judicial practice unfortunately knows, cannot acquire the status
of a judicial judgment. The doctrine classifies them as non-existent - apparent judgments. However,
such forged acts can also produce legal effects. Therefore, it is necessary to consider what legal
remedies can be used for the purpose of protecting persons whose rights have been violated by
forged judgments. It seems that a declaratory action for establishing the untruthfulness of such an
act is an appropriate and effective legal remedy. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the
problem of the existence of forged judgments, and to find ways to prevent the harmful consequences
they can cause.
Keywords
forged judgment; non-existent judgment; apparent judgment; legal effects of a forged judgment; lawsuit for determination
Hrčak ID:
352087
URI
Publication date:
30.6.2026.
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