Conference paper
COLORECTAL CARCINOMA AND NUTRITION – WHAT DOES THE EVIDENCE SAY?
Ines Banjari
orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-5007
; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cancer around the globe. It is distinctive for its strikingly high correlation with the diet. The evidence show that lifestyle and dietary habits overcome genetic predisposition and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.
So far, the strongest positive association with CRC risk has been found for intake of red and processed meat, and alcohol consumption. Body fatness, and abdominal fatness also show convincing evidence with increased risk for CRC and are associated with a more-aggressive CRC and higher risk of CRC mortality. While high intake of fruits and vegetables shows inverse association with CRC risk, in smokers it actually increases the risk of CRC.
On the other hand, only 30 min of physical activity per day decreases the risk of CRC by 11%. Dietary factors that show the strongest positive effect are wholegrains and dietary fibers in general. Per every 10 g of fibers a day, the risk of CRC lowers by 10%, and the effect is stronger in men than women. Evidence support intake of calcium, from both dairy and supplements as highly protective, while intake of vitamin D and C may also act protectively. Recently, vitamin B12 has been proposed as cytoprotector. Interestingly, some of its dietary sources are also the best dietary sources of iron, suggesting its implications in iron’s bioavailability, the most important pro-carcinogenic nutrient.
Current evidence regarding the role of diet and specific nutrients in etiology and pathogenesis of CRC suggest a complex interaction between the bowel transit time, pH of the stool, prevalence of constipation and intraluminal exposure to iron.
Keywords
colorectal carcinoma; risk factors; diet; nutrients; evidence-based recommendations
Hrčak ID:
218628
URI
Publication date:
31.12.2018.
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