Review article
https://doi.org/10.31217/p.40.1.6
Cybersecurity of Onshore Power Supply (OPS) Systems: Overview of EU Standards, Regulations, and Audit Procedures
Matej Plenca
orcid.org/0009-0001-1903-8784
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Rijeka, Croatia
*
Sasa Aksentijevic
orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-9142
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Rijeka, Croatia
Edvard Tijan
orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-0496
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Rijeka, Croatia
Srdjan Skok
; university north, Varaždin, Croatia
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
This paper reviews cybersecurity standards, regulations, and audit procedures relevant to EU Onshore Power Supply systems. These systems link maritime and energy infrastructures via high-capacity ship-to-shore connections. Such hybrid operational technology environments introduce vulnerabilities that neither maritime nor energy sector standards fully address. Using a qualitative, comparative review, the authors evaluate key frameworks. Analysis reveals gaps in authentication, mutual assurance, runtime monitoring, incident response, and management of legacy operational technology. the findings provide a foundation for risk-informed, cross-sector cybersecurity audits and highlight the need for harmonized yet adaptable security requirements to safeguard Onshore Power Supply-enabled ports against evolving cyber threats.
Keywords
Maritime cybersecurity; Energy sector cybersecurity; Shore power integration; Critical infrastructure protection; Operational technology security; Cyber-physical systems; Maritime-energy convergence
Hrčak ID:
343250
URI
Publication date:
15.1.2026.
Visits: 348 *