Review article
The Role of the Microbiome in Mental Health
Aleksandar Savić
Abstract
We are witnessing an evolution in the understanding of psychiatric disorders through the lens of the gut-brain axis, highlighting a shift toward integrative models that include inflammatory processes, immune response, and the role of the microbiome. The microbiome, which encompasses numerous microorganisms and their metabolites, has been recognized as a key modulator of mental health, with interactions occurring through neural (vagus nerve), immunological, and endocrine pathways. Gut bacteria directly participate in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, GABA, and dopamine, and produce short-chain fatty acids and vitamins (B, K2). A disruption of this balance (dysbiosis) increases the permeability of the intestinal barrier, leading to systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Research confirms specific microbial profiles in numerous psychiatric disorders.
Beyond the link to mental disorders, the potential of psychobiotics (probiotics and prebiotics), a Mediterranean diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation have been recognized as complementary treatment methods. Although the results are promising, particularly in the modulation of stress and cognitive functions, there is a clear need for additional structured research. The integration of microbiome science into psychiatry offers a path toward a more personalized and holistic approach to treating mental disorders.
Keywords
microbiome, dysbiosis, gut-brain axis, neuroinflammation
Hrčak ID:
349488
URI
Publication date:
10.7.2026.
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