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Structural Changes of Farms in Sisak Region from 1918 to 1941
Zdenka Šimončić-Bobetko
; Institut za suvremenu povijest, Zagreb, Republika Hrvatska
Sažetak
The present paper refers to the Sisak region, i. e. the district and town Sisak. The whole region had 691.44 km2, the district alone 668.41 km2. It was a rural milieu, where most of the population lived in the country from agriculture. Therefore, the author studied the property situation and changes over a longer period of time, concentrating on the period between the two world wars (1918-1941) and consequences of this process onto the agrarian economy of Sisak. Structural changes of the land in the Sisak region began earlier, but continued in the period between the wars. The process of dividing the middle and large estates and parcelization continued. Now the structural changes were also influenced by land reform. Structure of the farms changed between two inventories (in 1895 and 1931). In comparison with the situation from 1895, the total number of estates increased by 186 till 1931. Changes were present in all groups of farms. Farms up to 5 hectares made 70,1% of the total number of farms in 1931. The process had taken a negative course, so the number of small farms increased mostly as the result of segmentation through several generations. The situation was not favourable, because it was a rural milieu, and 31,7% of the total number of farms had up to 2 hectares of land. Most numerous were farms of 2 to 5 hectares of land. They made 38,4% of the total number of farms in 1931. Small and medium-sized farms were often insufficient to feed the families that lived on them. The number of farms with 5-10 hectares also increased in comparison with 1895. This increase, as well as, partly, in the above group, was due to buying the land from the large estates – but others too – in the period between the two wars. Such estates made 21,4% of the total number of farms in the Sisak region in 1931. The number of large estates in the Sisak region decreased in 1931 as compared with 1895. Many estates disappeared due to parceling. Large estates which had survived until the period between the wars (1918-1941) got smaller, especially private ones, but also those owned by the church. This was only in part the consequence of the land reform; for the most part this was the result of selling the land. Land reform that had been carried out did not improve essentially the property structure of Sisak country, instead it had a negative economic effect on the large estates there. Large estates, once big producers of agricultural and cattle-breeding products and stabilizers of production and export, after the land reform, as they got smaller, reduced their production and some were liquidated as production units.
Ključne riječi
land economy; Sisak region; inter-war period; agrarian reform
Hrčak ID:
251910
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.11.1992.
Posjeta: 571 *