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https://doi.org/10.31726/via.32.7
Gologorica in the Parish Chronicle (1892-1918) according to the records of the parish priest Ljudevit Žvaček
Stipan Trogrlić
Sažetak
Ljudevit Žvaček, parish priest of Gologorica between 1892 and 1923, recorded in the Parish Chronicle the events from his arrival in Gologorica until the establishment of the Italian military-occupational government at the end of 1918, leaving a series of interesting observations about many components of the Gologorica reality of that time. These observations can be classified into four units: national political turmoil, economic and social situation, moral and religious conditions of the Parish and ethnographic picture of the village of Gologorica. Social and status disparities in a time of high politicization of the entire social life grow into national differences. Grajani (townspeople), the inhabitants of Gologorica, ethnic Croats, politically become Italians under the influence of the powerful Gologorica family of the De Franceschi. They support the programme of the Italian Liberal Party as regards the necessity to Italianise the undefined Slavic masses in Istria. Poljani or campagnoli, the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, aware of their national, Croatian identity, support the programme of the Croatian Party. Conflicts between »grajani« and »poljani« become part of Gologorica’s political everyday life. The Italian military occupation of Gologorica and the whole of Istria at the end of 1918 marked the beginning of a radical/repressive solution to the »Slavic question« in Istria. The moral and religious life of the Parish is not as it should be. In the first place, the neglect of religious duties is noticeable. According to Žvaček, there are two reasons for this. On the one hand, as a result of frequent changes in parish administrators, the latter, aware of the temporary nature of their position and expecting to be appointed permanent parish priests, did not care much about the religious life of their parishioners. On the other hand, under the influence of liberal ideas born by the »grajani«, a process of secularization – the abandonment of religion and the Church as unquestionable authorities – start to take place. In addition to regular pastoral work, which aimed to bring people to God and was based on sacramental pastoral care, some new ways were sought through which religious life would be intensified. The economic situation is almost devastating, in all areas, starting from the dominant viticulture, through fruit growing, and the situation on hayfields. The main reasons are the prevalence of traditional cultivation and the absence of fertilization. The situation in livestock farming is somewhat better, although here too, especially with regard to sheep farming, stagnation is observed due to the lack of municipal pastures. Beekeeping is a separate matter. Although there was potential for its development, it is at a low ebb due to ignorance, both about beekeeping and about making honey. There were no craftsmen, except for a few trained masons and shoemakers and one weaver (all originally from Krnjeli). The mosaic, ethnographic picture of the village speaks of the external, architectural appearance of Gologorica, the centre of the Parish. It has the appearance of a town: with an entrance gate, walls, a square, therefore it is no wonder that its inhabitants called it a town, and themselves townspeople. Townspeople somewhat disparagingly called the inhabitants of the surrounding villages campagnoli or poljani. Looking at what was cooked and how, we can see that no great care (culture) about cooking was developed. Simple dishes prevailed, only what was grown in the fields was cooked. Poor red wine was drunk diluted with water because the better white wine was designated for sale. Meat, except for pork, was rarely eaten, and women’s wear showed an increasing presence of modern trends and the abandonment of traditional clothing.
Ključne riječi
Gologorica; parish; parish priest Ljudevit Žvaček; parish chronicle; social conditions; religious situation
Hrčak ID:
342278
URI
Datum izdavanja:
23.12.2025.
Posjeta: 481 *